ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Se realizó una investigación sobre la universidad médica en Cuba, incluyendo la enseñanza de la Medicina y la Estomatología, con el objetivo de explicar su evolución histórica durante la etapa colonial. Se enfatizó en las principales figuras que ejercieron en este período, las primeras publicaciones médicas, y las instituciones y centros asistenciales que regían la práctica de la medicina. Se concluye que la universidad médica en Cuba se fundó sobre una base escolástica y tradicionalista. A partir de 1842, la enseñanza de la Medicina se desarrolló con la creación de nuevos planes de estudios, el incremento de profesionales capacitados, la publicación de revistas científicas de alto prestigio, y la aparición de centros docentes de gran calidad (AU).
ABSTRACT A research was carried out on the medical university in Cuba, including the teaching of Medicine and Dentistry, with the aim of explaining its historical evolution during the colonial period. The authors emphasized the main figures who worked during this period, the first medical publications, and the institutions and healthcare centers that implemented the practice of medicine. It is concluded that the medical university in Cuba was founded on a scholastic and traditionalist basis. From 1842, the teaching of Medicine developed with the creation of new curricula, the increase of trained professionals, the publication of high-quality scientific journals, and the emergence of high-quality teaching centers (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Schools, Medical/history , Colonialism/history , Universities/history , Cuba , General Practice/historyABSTRACT
Introducción: los esquemas de asistencia médica ambulatoria fueron creados en Cuba por los gobiernos desde el año 1825, para socorrer a los pobladores más humildes, nombrados posteriormente "casas de socorro", que al triunfo de la Revolución constituyeron el primer modelo de atención primaria en el país. Se realizó un breve recuento de apuntes históricos de la Atención Primaria de Salud y de la Medicina General Integral en el municipio Guantánamo, desde sus inicios en el Policlínico Universitario "Asdrúbal López Vázquez" en 1984. Objetivo: describir el desarrollo de la Atención Primaria de Salud y de la Medicina General Integral en el municipio Guantánamo. Desarrollo: se consideraron la cobertura médica, organización de los servicios de salud, el surgimiento de la especialidad y las transformaciones necesarias del sector. Se denominó a los años 1984-1993 como la "década del desarrollo de la medicina familiar", lo que representó la implementación de la especialidad en el mencionado municipio. Se describió, además, la cobertura médica a la comunidad, sin afectar la calidad en la prestación de los servicios médicos. Conclusiones: la medicina familiar, especialidad médica efectora de la Atención Primaria de Salud, tuvo una evolución y desarrollo ascendentes, ante la necesidad social de una atención médica de alta calidad científico-técnica y a un costo sostenible(AU)
Introduction: outpatient medical assistance schemes were created in Cuba by governments since 1825, to help the most humble settlers, later named "houses of relief", which at the triumph of the Revolution constituted the first model of primary care in the country. A brief recount of historical notes of the Primary Health Care and Comprehensive General Medicine in the Guantánamo municipality was made, from its beginnings in the University Polyclinic "Asdrúbal López Vázquez" in 1984. Objective: to describe the development of the Primary Care of Health and Integral General Medicine in the Guantanamo municipality. Development: medical coverage, organization of health services, the emergence of the specialty and the necessary transformations of the sector were considered. The years 1984-1993 were denominated as the "decade of the development of family medicine", which represented the implementation of the specialty in the mentioned municipality. The medical coverage of the community was also described, without affecting the quality of the medical services rendered. Conclusions: the family medicine, the medical specialty of the Primary Health Care, had an evolution and ascending development, given the social need for medical care of high scientific-technical quality and at a sustainable cost(AU)
Introdução: os esquemas de assistência médica ambulatorial foram criados em Cuba por governos desde 1825 para ajudar as pessoas mais pobres, mais tarde chamado de "alívio casa" que ao triunfo da Revolução constituiu o primeiro modelo de cuidados primários no país. um breve relato de notas históricas de Cuidados de Saúde Primários e Medicina Geral no município Guantanamo foi realizado, desde o seu início no Policlinico Universitario "Asdrubal López Vázquez", em 1984. Objetivo: Descrever o desenvolvimento de Atenção Básica Saúde e Medicina Geral Integral no município de Guantánamo. Desenvolvimento: cobertura médica, organização dos serviços de saúde, surgimento da especialidade e as transformações necessárias do setor. Os anos 1984-1993 foram denominados como a "década do desenvolvimento da medicina de família", que representou a implementação da especialidade no referido município. A cobertura médica da comunidade também foi descrita, sem afetar a qualidade dos serviços médicos prestados. Conclusões: medicina familiar, médico especialidade efetoras Cuidados de Saúde Primários, teve uma evolução ascendente e desenvolvimento, para a necessidade social para a ciência cuidados de saúde de alta qualidade e tecnologia e a um custo sustentável(AU)
Subject(s)
Primary Health Care/history , General Practice/historyABSTRACT
Se realizó un breve recuento de apuntes históricos con el objetivo de describir el desarrollo de la Atención Primaria de Salud y de la Medicina General Integral en el municipio Guantánamo, desde sus inicios en el Policlínico Universitario "Asdrúbal López Vázquez" en 1984. Se consideraron la cobertura médica, organización de los servicios de salud, el surgimiento de la especialidad y las transformaciones necesarias del sector. Se denominó a los años 1984-1993 como la "década del desarrollo de la medicina familiar", lo que representó la implementación de la especialidad en el mencionado municipio. Se describió, además, la cobertura médica a la comunidad, sin afectar la calidad en la prestación de los servicios médicos. La medicina familiar, especialidad médica efectora de la Atención Primaria de Salud, tuvo una evolución y desarrollo ascendentes, ante la necesidad social de una atención médica de alta calidad científico-técnica(AU)
A brief recount of historical notes was made with the objective of describing the development of Primary Health Care and General Medicine care in the Guantanamo municipality, from its beginnings in the "Asdrúbal López Vázquez" University Polyclinic in 1984. The medical coverage, organization of health services, the emergence of the specialty and the necessary transformations of the sector. The years 1984-1993 were denominated as the "decade of the development of family medicine", which represented the implementation of the specialty in the mentioned municipality. The medical coverage of the community was also described, without affecting the quality of the medical services rendered. Family medicine, the medical specialty of the Primary Health Care, had an upward evolution and development, given the social need for medical care of high scientific-technical quality(AU)
Subject(s)
Primary Health Care/history , General Practice/historyABSTRACT
La obra material e intelectual del comandante Fidel Castro Ruz ha quedado expresada indeleblemente sobre teorías y prácticas inherentes a la formación de profesionales e investigadores de la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS). Su convicción y pensamiento salubristas han conllevado a creaciones programáticas de estudio, métodos didácticos-educativos, así como estrategias de desarrollo en salud pública y educación en ciencias, donde cabe destacar la Revista Cubana de Medicina General Integral como obra paradigmática del pensamiento fidelista(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Famous Persons , General Practice/historyABSTRACT
Abstract The historical period called the Middle Ages, a long interval between the 5th and the 15th centuries, is still commonly known as the Dark Ages, especially in the area of health sciences. In the last decades, this "classic" view of the Middle Ages has been gradually modified with advances in historiographical studies and the history of science. During that period in Western Europe, knowledge about the human body suffered a regression in terms of anatomy and physiology, with the predominance of religious conceptions mainly about diseases and their treatments. Knowledge on the cardiovascular system and heart diseases has been classically described as a repetition of the concepts developed by Galen from the dissection of animals and his keen sense of observation. However, the Middle East, especially Persia, was the birth place of a lot of intellectuals who preserved the ancient knowledge of the Greeks while building new knowledge and practices, especially from the 8th to the 13th century. The invasion of the Arabs in North of Africa and the Iberian Peninsula and the eclosion of the Crusades resulted in a greater contact between the East and the West, which in turn brought on the arrival of the Arab medical knowledge, among others, to 12th century Europe. Such fact contributed to an extremely important change in the scientific medical knowledge in the West, leading to the incorporation of different concepts and practices in the field of cardiovascular Medicine. The new way of teaching and practicing Medicine of the great Arab doctors, together with the teaching hospitals and foundations in the Koran, transformed the Medicine practiced in Europe definitely. The objective of this paper is to describe the knowledge drawn up from the Middle Ages about the cardiovascular system, its understanding and therapeutic approach to cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiology/history , Cardiovascular System , History, Medieval , Medicine, Arabic/history , Persia , General Practice/history , Anatomy/historySubject(s)
Humans , Tropical Medicine , General Practice/history , Public Health , Letter , MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Se describen las ideas conceptuales de la especialidad de Medicina General Integral y el médico de la familia a través de la realización de una investigación histórica desde enero del año 1959 hasta septiembre del año 2009 utilizando el submétodo cronológico y el análisis de contenido de tipo descriptivo de un universo de 180 intervenciones del Comandante en Jefe Fidel Castro Ruz. Se concluye que Cuba enfrentó una campaña para dejarnos sin médicos que fue vencida por la formación de miles de médicos cubanos con una ética revolucionaria y la formación de médicos para el mundo. Las funciones del médico incluyen la función social, la función internacionalista. El médico de la familia se constituyó en un guardián de la salud del pueblo. El especialista en Medicina General Integral es el médico que se puede necesitar en cualquier lugar. Constituye un aporte de Cuba a la salud en el mundo
The conceptual ideas about the general integral medicine specialty and the family physician were described in a historical research conducted from January 1959 through September 2009, in which the chronological sub-method and the descriptive-type content analysis of a universe of 180 Commander-in-chief Fidel Castro Ruz's speeches were used. It was concluded that Cuba faced a negative campaign to strip the country of physicians, which was overcome thanks to the formation of thousands of Cuban physicians under revolutionary ethics and the formation of physicians for the rest of the world. The functions of the physician cover the social function and the internationalist function. The family physician became the guardian of the people´s health. The general integral medicine specialist is a doctor that is required everywhere; therefore, this is a Cuban contribution to the health care worldwide
Subject(s)
Humans , Cuba , General Practice/history , Physicians, Family/historyABSTRACT
Los paradigmas fundacionales de la biología surgen en Europa al margen de la medicina, pero las comunidades médicas los apropiarán socialmente, generando tensión en ellas. Originalmente las teorías celular y de la regulación fisiológica, no están relacionadas con lo médico, pero serán asimiladas a la nueva medicina y los estudios sobre herencia y microbiología, que desde su surgimiento si tienen vínculos con las prácticas médicas, serán apropiados de inmediato por esta medicina diferente. Esta 'domesticación social' del conocimiento implica operaciones de traducción donde surgirán versiones híbridas, con particularidades distintas a las europeas. Aquí se analiza y discute la introducción de paradigmas de la biología en México (siglos XIX y XX).
The functional paradigms of biology emerged in Europe on the margins of medicine, but medical communities appropriated them into society, thereby generating some friction between them. Originally, cell theory and theories about physiological processes did not concern physicians, but they became assimilated into the new medicine and studies into heredity and microbiology, which since their emergence had been close to medical practice, and were quickly appropriated by this new form of medicine. The 'social domestication' of this knowledge involved a process of translation to the new environment, giving rise to hybrid versions with quite distinct features from their European counterparts. Here, we analyze and discuss the introduction of biology paradigms into Mexico (19th and 20th centuries).